tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2881268038667132752024-03-06T07:50:06.075+05:30IHMA KarunagappallyIhma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.comBlogger60125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-61552895114187131172009-07-01T21:56:00.006+05:302009-07-01T22:07:04.159+05:30Happy Doctor's Day<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17p_STd4GR9DdsA0Y8geF2rTCM3RYaOqIqzStorRC-gUpiYnOTFO4E53fSxr1SkUI587jtBEu_otL_PAHL8uL96oJ8fYHTwocqnQ4-EZUqBoTuOnJDOQYz5jsgXMreq1WAllFAmOFmPw/s1600-h/dc.jpeg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 140px; height: 41px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17p_STd4GR9DdsA0Y8geF2rTCM3RYaOqIqzStorRC-gUpiYnOTFO4E53fSxr1SkUI587jtBEu_otL_PAHL8uL96oJ8fYHTwocqnQ4-EZUqBoTuOnJDOQYz5jsgXMreq1WAllFAmOFmPw/s320/dc.jpeg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5353530577933681986" /></a><div align="justify"><strong>Doctor's day,</strong>a tribute to <strong><span style="color:#009900;">Dr.B.C ROY </span></strong>( It is the birth day of famous physician of India Dr.B.C.Roy) and the entire medical profession. It is a great occasion for the doctors to dedicate themselves to this noble profession.For the public, it is an opportunity to honour the efforts and skills of committed doctors. The official symbol of Doctor's Day <span style="color:#990000;"><em>is the red carnation, which symbolizes love, charity, sacrifice, bravery and courage.<br /><br /></em></span><strong>Doctor’s day is celebrated in the west on march 30</strong>- the day when <strong><span style="color:#009900;">Dr Crawford W. Long,</span></strong> became the first physician to use ether anesthesia in surgery<br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-79811928893916681902009-06-25T21:03:00.000+05:302009-07-01T21:54:36.578+05:30Influence of vitamins in thyroid related illness<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh11Xxf0pdJ5MSO3idzB-gIrfvqMpw5jT8yxweWjDLTQmufPpYv4VCqqVd0s_6fzefE6Ou7-fVNhkri5Q10LE156RzGoebVoJ6fPjGDswXCgOFfVKXWM29DR4b59UJKhxcIxxpiG8O3WBM/s1600-h/images.jpeg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 118px; height: 101px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh11Xxf0pdJ5MSO3idzB-gIrfvqMpw5jT8yxweWjDLTQmufPpYv4VCqqVd0s_6fzefE6Ou7-fVNhkri5Q10LE156RzGoebVoJ6fPjGDswXCgOFfVKXWM29DR4b59UJKhxcIxxpiG8O3WBM/s320/images.jpeg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5353525077280328498" /></a><div align="justify">There is a correlation between levels of thyroid hormones and levels of specific micronutrients such as selenium, zinc, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol. Several studies are being conducted to assess the impact of vitamin intake on thyroid related problems.<br /><br />Patients with thyroid disease should take supplements containing molecules with anti-oxidant properties, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and <strong><a href="http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/coenzyme-q10-000295.htm">co</a><a href="http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/coenzyme-q10-000295.htm">enzyme Q10.</a></strong> (Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins are very important.) Induction of B1 is supposed to be the best for helping thyroid to function properly in views of some doctors. B1 is mainly found in <a href="http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/brewers-yeast-000288.htm"><strong>brewer’s yeast</strong></a> and germinated wheat. For non-vegetarians source of this vitamin is liver part of meat.<br /><br />Patients suffering from thyroid diseases mostly suffer from the following symptoms and disorders, they should take the vitamins in the form of food products or even can take pills of the mentioned vitamins on the advice of a physician.<br /><br />Vitamins recommended in thyroid related diseases and symptoms<br /></div><p>A- <span style="color:#990000;">Kidney stone</span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span></p>C-<span style="color:#990000;">Arthritis<br /><br /></span>E-<span style="color:#990000;">Menses</span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span>B1-<span style="color:#990000;">Appetite, constipation, fatigue,</span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span>B1 and B2 –<span style="color:#990000;">skin problems</span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span>B6-<span style="color:#990000;">Emotional disturbance, gall bladder stone.<br /><br /></span>B6 and D-<span style="color:#990000;">Anaemia, weakness</span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span><span style="color:#009900;"><br /></span>B12-<span style="color:#990000;">Pernicious anemia</span><br /><br /><p><strong><span style="color:#990000;">LINKS AND REFERENCES</span></strong><br /><br /><p><strong><span style="color:#009900;"><a href="http://www.goodhormonehealth.com/VitaminD.pdf">Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid diseases</a></span></strong></p><p><a href="http://thyroid.about.com/cs/vitaminsupplement/"><span style="color:#009900;"><strong>Vitamins and suppliments improve thyroid patients</strong></span></a></p><p><a href="http://thyroid.about.com/cs/vitaminsupplement/"><span style="color:#009900;"><strong><br /><br /></strong></span></a></p>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-64204016558610610032009-06-16T15:04:00.000+05:302009-06-20T15:37:56.635+05:30Remedial measures for Monsoon ailments<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMW2C1X4F7YOSsDxRU_u47h9nLeg3hhrYIq2vbX-SgdOzi9PepJyLkYLsPWSCByUvE79fBfg9s7MpZ0pGRj0iRmUwov7bzj2Hg2_bx3EKUVwvQLGB1p60O8l2lHSGHP0iJQyOhi_7jNgs/s1600-h/monsoon.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 143px; height: 107px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMW2C1X4F7YOSsDxRU_u47h9nLeg3hhrYIq2vbX-SgdOzi9PepJyLkYLsPWSCByUvE79fBfg9s7MpZ0pGRj0iRmUwov7bzj2Hg2_bx3EKUVwvQLGB1p60O8l2lHSGHP0iJQyOhi_7jNgs/s320/monsoon.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5349341832655205618" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;">Though Monsoon brings so much of relief from the heat of summer, it makes man more succeptible to variety of illness. Diseases that are spread during monsoon may be water borne, air-borne or vector-borne.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">General and specific management for the most common monsoon related diseases.</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;"><br />Cholera</span><br /><br />Patient must be kept at rest as warm as possible,no solid food whatever should be given, water may be given as desired.Milk is the best food if it is tolerated.(according to J..H Clark ‘The Prescriber’)<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Homoeopathic management</span>: Ver alb, Camphor, Jatropha, cupmet, ars, podo, elaterium, arg nit<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Influenza</span><br /><br />Rest in bed, warmth,plenty of fluid intake, support with nourishment in a digestible form, as long as the symptoms are acute. There is a modified form of the disease, which requires care, but not necessarily either rest in bed or confinement to the house.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Homoeopathic management</span>: ars alb, baptisia, Influenzinum, eupatorium p, gelsemium, bryonia, rhus tox<br /><br />Post influenzal cough- sangunaria, sticta<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Jaundice</span><br /><br />The patient must fed on the lightest diet barley water, thin gruel, skim-milk. If there is much itching, sponging with vinegar and hot water (one pint in six) is agreeable.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Homoeopathic management</span>: merc sol, bryonia, china, hepar sulph, chamomilla.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Dysentery</span><br /><br />When dysentery appears make sure that water is good.If not use boiled and filtered water to drink.House must be carefully disinfected.Unripe fruit must be avoided.the diet must be confined to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruel">gruel</a> and farinaceous food with as much as cold water as patient likes.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Homoeopathic management</span>:merc cor, colocynth, ipecac, aloes,<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Asthma</span><br /><br />General management :Try to avoid all triggering factors like dust,pollen,animal danders etc.Practise <a href="http://ezinearticles.com/?Breathing-Exercises-For-Asthma-Patients&id=593407">Breathing exercises</a>.<br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />Homoeopathic management</span>:nat sulph, dulcamera, kali carb, aur, china, ipecac<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Rheumatic/rheumatoid complaints</span><br /><br />Gen management: Patient should be advised to wear woolen clothes since the woolen garments retain the heat and let the perspiration escape. Presence of lactic acid in the system gives rise to most of the symptoms. So modify the dietary pattern according to that.Grain foods are the best choice. (Oats, barely, wheat etc)<br /><br />Dietery restrictions include meat, take milk but sparingly, avoid sweets ,watery fruits and vegetables. Grain foods are the best choice.(oats,barely,wheat etc)<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Homoeopathic management</span>:Rhus tox, bryonia, colchicum, dulcamara, kalmia, Calc phos, kali bich.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Links and references</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">The prescriber-JH CLARK </span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Hompath /therapeutics</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.minutus.org/library/article_read.asp?id=12"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Administation of camphor in cholera</span></a> from the book'<span style=";font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica;font-size:85%;color:midnightblue;" ><b>Cure and Prevention of the Asiatic Cholera - (1831)'<br /></b></span><br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-51805433878702302212009-06-12T14:56:00.005+05:302009-06-17T15:08:22.342+05:30Swine flu formally declared as pandemic by WHO<div align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVCohuz3CdE_FFPr_B3mFqCJg3W_5XXjftJ9kHiuJfr2NNNpT_1ANyXpYtHnGOB9kPC9oh-dzloJIXvnSZnNEHjVlnQGoLh0eCq19rN4K4lRlBW9p7gZhNhBVWnnsAkMghsbO-ORagP3s/s1600-h/swine.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348226773642022898" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 130px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 88px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVCohuz3CdE_FFPr_B3mFqCJg3W_5XXjftJ9kHiuJfr2NNNpT_1ANyXpYtHnGOB9kPC9oh-dzloJIXvnSZnNEHjVlnQGoLh0eCq19rN4K4lRlBW9p7gZhNhBVWnnsAkMghsbO-ORagP3s/s320/swine.jpg" border="0" /></a>The world health organization announced its members nations on june 11 2009 that it was declaring a swine flu pandemic ,<em><span style="color:#006600;"><strong>the first global flu epidemic in 41 years. Moreover it has decided to raise the pandemic warning level from phase 5 to phase 6</strong></span></em> ,its highest alert after holding meeting with experts.<br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;"><a href="http://ihmakarunagappally.blogspot.com/2009/05/swine-flu.html">Swine flu- Our earlier post</a></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;"></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;">Links</span></strong><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;"></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;"><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090611/ap_on_he_me/un_un_swine_flu">http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090611/ap_on_he_me/un_un_swine_flu</a><br /></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;"><a href="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/">http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/</a></span></strong> </div><p> </p>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-75419382326856703402009-06-11T14:46:00.000+05:302009-06-17T14:56:00.935+05:30cell phone elbow<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJXmIk9PoD8GKvgiX26ipXs3v1c-GZIMEyYDCBMv1_fxr3WucDzpZUYCLtU4SQuLEHMMRq-N39mWcvE6e8cD8j_WBxCrF1mlGdmPyD-vRxbHuo_uJKLscV6iwUE-zELYga31T4dWttcng/s1600-h/cell.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348223285421754434" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 112px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 121px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJXmIk9PoD8GKvgiX26ipXs3v1c-GZIMEyYDCBMv1_fxr3WucDzpZUYCLtU4SQuLEHMMRq-N39mWcvE6e8cD8j_WBxCrF1mlGdmPyD-vRxbHuo_uJKLscV6iwUE-zELYga31T4dWttcng/s320/cell.jpg" border="0" /></a> <div align="justify">Harmful effects from mobile phones are never ending.Earlier it was repetitive strain injury from texting,then came the recall impairment and subsequent brain damge from ring tones.Now the latest menace is cellphone elbow or medically known as cubital tunnel syndome.<br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#009900;"><span style="color:#006600;">How it happens?</span><br /></span></strong><br />Health experts say that those who are holding the phone near the ear for a prolonged period are at a risk of developing painful condition of arm. <strong><span style="color:#009900;">By bending their elbow too tightly and for too long could damage the ulnar nerve.<br /></span></strong><br />Dr. Benson, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Northwestern University School of Medicine, explains” <strong><span style="color:#009900;">The more you bend it, for example when using a phone, the more it stretches. It diminishes the blood supply, and the blood is not flowing through the nerves.”<br /><br /></span></strong><span style="color:#009900;"><strong><span style="color:#006600;">Symptoms </span><br /></strong></span><br />Sufferers can present with numbness and tingling from the elbow to the fingers. More than that they find it difficult to perform their day to day activities.In order to resolve this condition up to some extent, experts suggest mobile users <span style="color:#006600;">to switch the handset from hand to hand so often</span>.<br /><br /></div><div align="justify"><strong><span style="color:#006600;"></span></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong><span style="color:#006600;">Links and references</span></strong></div><div align="justify"><br /><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/06/02/cell.phone.elbow/">http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/06/02/cell.phone.elbow/</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152526.php">http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152526.php</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_85085.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_85085.html</a></div><div align="justify"></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-3749690062989347362009-06-09T14:19:00.004+05:302009-06-17T14:45:01.317+05:30Are pictorial warnings against tobacco effective?<div align="justify"><strong><span style="color:#cc0000;">N</span></strong>owadays pictorial warnings are used by majority of the countries, since it created better aware<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9V8FF8su0ETz9eFclupjb-HKSdKddBVaGjQtWHzHag2uh7y3NuksGlxhHIe5wntjYuRiLTpjTbnWhxWNUA-D2BfAo1MdyGI4SqHjCrmzSgbB6EJva9NpFP0wIXX95DFgyOZu3fS1JBSI/s1600-h/images3.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348217974263756530" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 125px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 90px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9V8FF8su0ETz9eFclupjb-HKSdKddBVaGjQtWHzHag2uh7y3NuksGlxhHIe5wntjYuRiLTpjTbnWhxWNUA-D2BfAo1MdyGI4SqHjCrmzSgbB6EJva9NpFP0wIXX95DFgyOZu3fS1JBSI/s320/images3.jpg" border="0" /></a>ness among tobacco users.Canada was the first country to introduce pictorial warning in 2001.Brazil implemented in the next year. Singapore introduced it in 2004. According to WHO, shocking and fear arousing pictures are the best ones for such purposes<br /><br /><em>India made it mandatory to put pictorial warning on all tobacco products from may 31.<br /></div></em><span style="color:#006600;"><strong></strong></span><div align="justify"><span style="color:#006600;"><strong></strong></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#006600;"><strong>Previous Studies<br /></div></strong></span><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Studies con<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkV7Cncie_tjlMkoXgcYDu7RaIUgovs53oUDQrZ8O4IakVHXGlbqLhy33JJhnJGGzyPMZIClbwQVuin9fuC1rYu_dyhMTdNuK3pihAnNyXDjIlyyBcAaqc6gyWs1DftVhSAy1CKNL5gjs/s1600-h/tob1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348217414102322386" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 125px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 90px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkV7Cncie_tjlMkoXgcYDu7RaIUgovs53oUDQrZ8O4IakVHXGlbqLhy33JJhnJGGzyPMZIClbwQVuin9fuC1rYu_dyhMTdNuK3pihAnNyXDjIlyyBcAaqc6gyWs1DftVhSAy1CKNL5gjs/s320/tob1.jpg" border="0" /></a>ducted in various countries that have introduced pictorial warning on cigarette packets have found that they can be extremely cost effective public health measure for the government .It is shown that in Brazil 67 % of smokers wanted to quit smoking as a result of pictorial warning .In Canada nearly half the number of smokers pointed out that the warning had increased their motivation to quit .Similar response were seen from other countries too.<br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#006600;">Advantages of pictorial warnings</span></strong><br /><br />They attract the attention of common man and make it difficult to ignore the harmful effects of tobacco. Smokers knew more about the health effects from smoking as a result of pictorial warning. </div><p><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348217641201820626" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 125px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 90px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNZtpl0CTeWcrCbXuRJBWfI9BEI2qDiEiep2xj1L37l9sPclThAH335CXQaVcHFjhHZJvPM_ytuu1abiBy6ET91Df5Mn9XT3MrmjQRczlfDetnuMTOUJtjOy9NGrRrzDyMmBTgNO6ABjs/s320/picto.jpg" border="0" />Links</p><p><a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/pictorial-warning-to-be-displayed-on-cigarette-tobacco-products-from-may-31_100188933.html">http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/pictorial-warning-to-be-displayed-on-cigarette-tobacco-products-from-may-31_100188933.html</a><br /></p><p><a href="http://www.tobaccoplusindia.com/book.php?p_id=40">http://www.tobaccoplusindia.com/book.php?p_id=40</a> </p><p><br /><a href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pictorial-warning-on-tobacco-products-from-today/93814-17.html">http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pictorial-warning-on-tobacco-products-from-today/93814-17.html</a><br /></p>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-40129751382142671892009-06-08T14:19:00.001+05:302009-06-10T14:47:09.592+05:30Utility chart for the probable diagnosis of thyroid disorders<span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:130%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYh_0HLNraJ7bQQ0NcFl9kgqAQ9hc-2faq-d_rGKfdgzodyj1RGm0KUmNs-dzBbN3ZYW9xXA0cauj7RS-IbwfzSYKGWhfWuZw_7zGfR4raIG9C3abzMJvWa-7_eXAi0TSe7kAlXpUO_5k/s1600-h/thyroid+tables1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 441px; height: 658px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYh_0HLNraJ7bQQ0NcFl9kgqAQ9hc-2faq-d_rGKfdgzodyj1RGm0KUmNs-dzBbN3ZYW9xXA0cauj7RS-IbwfzSYKGWhfWuZw_7zGfR4raIG9C3abzMJvWa-7_eXAi0TSe7kAlXpUO_5k/s400/thyroid+tables1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5345618982663093154" border="0" /></a> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /><br />Click on the image for larger view..............<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">C<span style="font-size:85%;">ompiled from the study materials supplied in connection with the IHMA zonal conferences.</span></span><br /><br /></span>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-5492200092334699012009-06-05T11:29:00.006+05:302009-06-10T11:29:44.210+05:30M.D.entrance coaching programme<span style="font-weight: bold;">Indian Homoeopathic Medical Association ( IHMA ) </span>is conducting classes for <span style="font-weight: bold;">post</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">graduate medical entrance examinations</span> for the year <span style="font-weight: bold;">2009- 2010</span><br /><br />classes conducted in three centers all over kerala-thiruvananthapuram , kollam , kozhikode<br /><br /><ul><li>eminent faculty- all are post graduates or lecturers in various homoeopathic colleges in kerala</li><li>well prepared study materials</li><li>all together 14 classes( sundays) and two model exams</li><li>very high success raste in previous years</li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold;">centre</span> - <span style="font-weight: bold;">venue - </span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">date of commencement</span><br />trivandrum - IVA Hall, dharmalayam road, tvm 1 - May 24<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">kollam - Govt PWD Rest house, chinnakada, kollam - May 31</span><br />kozhikode - Pullians arcade, behind MCC bank, Calicut 1 - May 17<br /><br />for further detalis contact<br /><br />Dr.Abhilash.M - 9446072887<br />Dr Nidhin dev.S - 9446541238Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-73523540326341280052009-06-05T08:23:00.005+05:302009-06-05T11:20:58.466+05:30Tribute to DR.J.T KENT ON HIS DEATH ANNIVERSARY<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8X1IR8pfx8Q8_637zC9-aghglMmdIXc_7k29QgRc19BNQ3T5Mai_cxyvDcOh4XdNE1qH0Y590qDZmm-beXfFBRYzobT4aGGBhRwHWUtS2wXssrKAmPehvHfqQ_AjkRvtbxnB9WQ1kD5k/s1600-h/jt.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 160px; height: 238px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8X1IR8pfx8Q8_637zC9-aghglMmdIXc_7k29QgRc19BNQ3T5Mai_cxyvDcOh4XdNE1qH0Y590qDZmm-beXfFBRYzobT4aGGBhRwHWUtS2wXssrKAmPehvHfqQ_AjkRvtbxnB9WQ1kD5k/s400/jt.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5343671881986923858" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dr.James Tyler Kent (1849-1916)</span><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">IHMA Karunagappally pays floral tributes and salutations to the great man without whom the world of modern repertory and homoeopathic practice would have been a void.<br /></div><ul><li>"True some men do some good work without the repertory, but they also do poor work, more than they would do with it"- Dr.Kent .J.T</li><li>"The mechanical use of the repertory never leads to artistic prescribing nor to remarkable results" - Dr.Kent .J.T</li><li>Which is the best repertory ?<br />The best is that which one makes oneself _ Dr.Kent .J.T<br /></li></ul><p><br /><br /></p>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-47835720036160077182009-06-04T21:27:00.003+05:302009-06-04T21:44:12.518+05:30JUNE 5 WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY - WED<div align="justify"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ_zgKLx4CERtPMdGoDqPhK1ALSAPcNdJZ7M2qtqZ7yS21n9G9wjOpZdVKQGk2-Hm0MTW8P4e11LR-knd5z1NP22RSSbeXkxI2tHFq_59Gc1VAbbwGCqaigJYI7nlMKo9ZjCOwKnV7YnM/s1600-h/Wday+1.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 224px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ_zgKLx4CERtPMdGoDqPhK1ALSAPcNdJZ7M2qtqZ7yS21n9G9wjOpZdVKQGk2-Hm0MTW8P4e11LR-knd5z1NP22RSSbeXkxI2tHFq_59Gc1VAbbwGCqaigJYI7nlMKo9ZjCOwKnV7YnM/s320/Wday+1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5343502953273159058" /></a><em><span style="color:#006600;">IHMA karunagappally wishes all its members and non members to be part of the world campaign to create a better place for our children to live and to abide by this years WED slogan- </span><span style="color:#006600;">Your Planet Needs You - UNite to Combat Climate Change<br /><br /></span></em><span style="color:#990000;">World Environment Day (WED)</span><span style="color:#006600;"> </span><span style="color:#000099;">was established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 to mark the opening of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment.<br /><br />Commemorated yearly on 5 June, WED is one of the principal vehicles through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action. The day's agenda is to:</span><br /></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;"></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;">1.Give a human face to environmental issues;</span><span style="color:#990000;"><br /></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;"></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;">2.Empower people to become active agents of sustainable and equitable development;</span><span style="color:#990000;"><br /></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;"></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;">3.Promote an understanding that communities are pivotal to changing attitudes towards environmental issues;</span><span style="color:#990000;"><br /></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;"></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#990000;">4.Advocate partnership which will ensure all nations and peoples enjoy a safer and more prosperous future.</span><span style="color:#990000;"><span style="color:#00cccc;"><br /></span><span style="color:#00cccc;"><br /></span></span>The theme for WED 2009 is 'Your Planet Needs You-UNite to Combat Climate Change'. <span style="color:#000099;">It reflects the urgency for nations to agree on a new deal at the crucial climate convention meeting in Copenhagen some 180 days later in the year, and the links with overcoming poverty and improved management of forests.<br /><br />This year’s host is Mexico which reflects the growing role of the Latin American country in the fight against climate change, including its growing participation in the carbon markets.<br /><br />Mexico is also a leading partner in UNEP's Billion Tree Campaign. The country, with the support of its President and people, has spearheaded the pledging and planting of some 25 per cent of the trees under the campaign. Accounting for around 1.5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, the country is demonstrating its commitment to climate change on several fronts.<br /><br />Mexican President Felipe Calderon states that the WED celebration will “further underline Mexico's determination to manage natural resources and deal with the most demanding challenge of the 21st century – climate change.”<br /><br />People around the world will unite for the planet on 5 June for World Environment Day 2009, with a strong call for environmental action just six months before the crucial United Nations climate change talks in Copenhagen.<br /><br />This year's theme is 'Your Planet needs You! Unite to combat climate change' - a topic that reflects everyone's individual responsibility to protect the planet, as well as the urgency for nations to agree on a new climate change deal in December.<br /><br />World Environment Day is truly a People's Day: it is the chance for everyone, young and old, with their community or with close friends, to show that they care for the planet.<br /><br />This year's host is Mexico, reflecting the country's growing role in the fight against climate change - with its increasingly strong participation in global carbon markets, its massive tree planting campaigns and its natural resource management.<br /><br />United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said: "On this World Environment Day. I encourage all people to take concrete steps toward making the planet greener and cleaner. Switch off the lights. Take public transportation. Recycle. Plant a tree. Clean up your local park. Hold corporations responsible for their environmental practices. And urge your government representatives to Seal the Deal in Copenhagen."<br /><br />Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, said: "I am delighted that Mexico and its people will be the 2009 global hosts of the annual United Nations celebrations on 5 June under the theme 'Your Planet Needs You! Unite to Combat Climate Change'. Mexico is among a group of nations showing real leadership on the challenges of our age - from climate change to bringing environmental goods and services into the mainstream of national and international economics."<br /><br />World Environment Day is a truly global event, and as such it will be celebrated on every continent - from remote villages to sprawling capitals. Here are some of the highlights of this year's celebration.<br /></span><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-4477465904237278862009-05-25T20:27:00.001+05:302009-05-30T21:07:32.365+05:30Utility of barium swallow and barium meal in various abdominal conditions.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0vK2gbpmt7jHmmz6za0zu_u_sAJ6JHvDqkfejES9100BBW8wxkeoPQOidENmAiYExpuOUAEfCL63YUk048fsNoBo-EheA6y1Ot-QADWwhZbMoHTcdhOFBflnIkbH6TImyFBfOJsCmbmE/s1600-h/images.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 102px; height: 123px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0vK2gbpmt7jHmmz6za0zu_u_sAJ6JHvDqkfejES9100BBW8wxkeoPQOidENmAiYExpuOUAEfCL63YUk048fsNoBo-EheA6y1Ot-QADWwhZbMoHTcdhOFBflnIkbH6TImyFBfOJsCmbmE/s320/images.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5341638612775261442" border="0" /></a><div style="background: transparent url(http://i659.photobucket.com/albums/uu315/todevan/background11after.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Barium is a naturally occurring element, which is radio opaque. Barium swallow and barium meal test involve swallowing a liquid suspension of barium sulphate. When swallowed, barium coats the walls of the digestive tract, which allows the shape of upper digestive tract to be outlined on an X-ray. Then the investigator will take a series of x-rays of gastrointestinal tract in various positions.<br /></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Utility</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">A <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Barium swallow</span> test may be suggested if you are having difficulty in swallowing, or if you have chest pain or <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">reflux oesophagitis</span>(backflow of stomach juices into the lower part of the oesophagus).<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Observation of passage of a radio opaque barium solution through the pharynx and esophagus in to the stomach remains an important investigation of <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">dysphagia</span>. In addition to structural abnormalities such as <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">stricture or neoplasia, disorders of motor functions </span>can be detected through barium swallow. In a patient with dysphagia, lack of progress of barium through the lower esophageal sphincter on swallowing, indicates the presence of <a href="http://www.e-radiography.net/radpath/a/acalasia_cardia.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">achlasia cardia.</span></a><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Barium meal</span> x-ray is useful in the disease condition of stomach, small intestine and appendix. Barium meal test may also be suggested <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">if you are having unexplained vomiting, pain in your abdomen, severe indigestion or blood in your stool</span>.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">If any residue of barium meal is seen at the dependent part of stomach after 6 hours, it may be due to <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">pylorospasm or hypotonia.</span> If the residue is after 24 hours, a diagnosis of organic pyloric stenosis is certain.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Projecting bud of barium meal from smooth outline usually on the lesser curvature of the stomach is a direct <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">sign of ulcer</span>.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Carcinoma of stomach</span> may present as a persistent filling defect which must be constant in all films.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">carcinoma of head of pancreas</span> barium filled duodenum is widened. In case carcinoma in ampulla of vater, a filling defect is seen which may give the duodenum an appearance of a reversed 3.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">Links</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.mydr.com.au/tests-investigations/barium-swallow-and-barium-meal-tests"><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">barium swallow and barium meal tests</span></a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/barium-swallow-1"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Barium swallow image</span></a><br /><br /></div></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-50765098712781744722009-05-22T14:49:00.002+05:302009-05-26T15:29:00.721+05:30Health Benefits of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers.<div style="background: transparent url(http://i659.photobucket.com/albums/uu315/todevan/sideline.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Dietary fiber, also known as roughage or bulk, includes all parts of pl<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrNcJxJW2Fu105Y200SfAB0J86RDL77kbiX0TWGcrH4CubTQhNQGTz5s8jqSiiVvLT6iE-i1bzuNSnpPQPaGUi1wioTP0mBN1XsqkPNZ8obemp2nQo_twqEmdb-8QPURK6Ybcv1QzSBk8/s1600-h/images.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 120px; height: 119px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrNcJxJW2Fu105Y200SfAB0J86RDL77kbiX0TWGcrH4CubTQhNQGTz5s8jqSiiVvLT6iE-i1bzuNSnpPQPaGUi1wioTP0mBN1XsqkPNZ8obemp2nQo_twqEmdb-8QPURK6Ybcv1QzSBk8/s320/images.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5340061593789374946" border="0" /></a>ant foods that your body can't digest or absorb unlike other food components such as fats, proteins or carbohydrates.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">People who use fiber rich diet, unrefined diet may <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">reduce the risk of developing obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, gallstones, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">haemorrhoids, diverticulosis, appe</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">ndicitis, and colon cancer</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">.</span><br /></div><br />Fibers may be classified as insoluble and soluble fiber.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Insoluble fiber</span> includes the woody or structural parts of plant such as fruits and vegetables and bran coating around the wheat. <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">This kind of fiber is responsible in alleviating irregular bowel movement and constipation. It helps to protect against colon cancer.</span><br /><br />How it acts?<br />Insoluble fiber pass through the GI tract largely unchanged and speeds up the passage of materials through the tract.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Soluble fiber</span> found in abundance in beans, oats, barely, broccoli, apples, prunes and citrus fruits. It has the consistency of gel and tends to slow the passage of materials through the tract. It is responsible for easy elimination of your bowel and <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">it is also</span> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">a great help in reducing your cholesterol and blood sugar levels.</span><br /><br />How it acts?<br /><br />-One possible explanation for the relationship of soluble fiber to cholesterol level is that the fiber binds bile salts (cholesterol is a precursor to bile salt formation) and prevents their reabsorption.<br /><br /><br />-Fiber, particularly soluble fiber, can slow down the absorption of sugar, which for people with diabetes, can help to improve blood sugar levels. A high-fiber diet may also reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />Links</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span></span><a href="http://www.gicare.com/diets/high-fiber-diets.aspx"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">how fiber protects you from various disease conditions</span></a><br /><a href="http://www.revolutionhealth.com/healthy-living/food-nutrition/food-basics/essential-nutrients/fats-carbs-protein/fiber-food-nutrition"><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">All about dietary fiber</span></a><br /><br /></div></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-30439591112374338422009-05-19T14:42:00.000+05:302009-05-26T14:47:36.741+05:30Interesting human body statistics<div style="background: transparent url(http://i659.photobucket.com/albums/uu315/todevan/wood.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Brain</span>-It makes up only 2% of the body weight, but uses 20% of the oxygen and blood supply. Human brain stores information equal to 500,000 sets of encyclopedia Britannica. At a time our brain can retain 7 facts in the short-term memory. Neurons are the longest cells in our body.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"><br />Heart</span> –The hollow muscle pumps enough blood in an average lifetime to fill the fuel tanks of 56 moon rockets. Its involuntary contractions begin 4 weeks after conception, before nerve cells are formed and continue to pulse even out of the body in saline solution. Muscle cells of the heart generate a total electric current of about 2 watts that commands the fibers to contract.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"><br />Lungs</span>-Adult human lung have an internal area of 93 m2, which is 40 times the external surface of human body.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"><br />Stomach</span> –It produces 2 litres of hydrochloric acid daily.5 lakhs cells of stomach’s inner walls are replaced every minute so that the acid doesn’t damage the walls.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"><br />Muscles</span>-There are 639 muscles, which account for 40% of the total body weight. It takes 17 muscles to smile and 42 to stare.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"><br />Tongue</span>-The tongue contains more than 10,000 taste buds, which are renewed weekly. It can distinguish 500 different tastes.<br /></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Eyes</span>-We spends 30 minutes everyday, being blind. (The time taken for blinking)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Ear</span>- Our ear can detect 1500 different tunes and 350db of loudness.<br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-60599155035587772552009-05-17T21:05:00.001+05:302009-05-19T21:53:23.687+05:30Various approaches to kidney stone diet<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmt27-xLCBx_Akp15Hd50avy8dmB1mii8vFInDx4Fj75xkjdiolFhKf2Yko7VtIYMjLma7LfzkxRoL2x_x1PwFNXQ_-IUWJ7dKdvDj6178GXK5wcLMr9aehF1_96nhYKy122-1RJOAfm4/s1600-h/images.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 107px; height: 107px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmt27-xLCBx_Akp15Hd50avy8dmB1mii8vFInDx4Fj75xkjdiolFhKf2Yko7VtIYMjLma7LfzkxRoL2x_x1PwFNXQ_-IUWJ7dKdvDj6178GXK5wcLMr9aehF1_96nhYKy122-1RJOAfm4/s320/images.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5337560482061742114" border="0" /></a><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoBodyTextIndent, li.MsoBodyTextIndent, div.MsoBodyTextIndent {margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.25in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:100%;"></span> <p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><div style="text-align: justify;"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E2%5Cuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><span style="font-weight: bold;">K</span>idney stones form when the urine becomes so saturated with a certain mineral that no more of it can dissolve into the urine. The undissolved portion of the mineral forms crystals that then clump together and grow into hard stones. This condition is medically known as <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis</span>. It is important for the physician to determine the stone's mineral content and to identify any medical conditions that may have contributed to stone formation. About 80% of all kidney stones are composed of calcium and other minerals, usually a combination of calcium and oxalate. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--></div><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p></p><div> </div><p class="MsoBodyText"></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">D</span>octors used to prescribe a low calcium diet for preventing kidney stones. <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Changing the amount of calcium in the diet causes very little change in the blood level of calcium</span>. Blood calcium level kept steady by balancing the absorption of calcium from diet and taking calcium from bones when it is needed. The kidney filters substances from the blood; so changing the dietary intake of calcium does not change the amount of calcium that is filtered by the kidneys.</span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Citric acid can protect against kidney stone </span>formation. Citric acid in its natural form, such as from citrus fruits, citric acid does not alkalinize the urine as citrate does. It prevents small stones from becoming “problem stones” by coating them and preventing other material from attaching and building onto the stones. Moreover it inhibits stone formation and breaks up small stones that are beginning to form. It is for this reason, that citrus fruit, especially lemons should be plentiful on the kidney stone diet. The exception to this rule is grapefruit juice.</span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">A</span>nother approach to prevent kidney stones in adults is to </span><span style="font-size:100%;">eat calcium rich foods and <a href="http://www.naturalhealthtechniques.com/ExamForms-MedicalIntuitive/list_of_high_oxalate_foods.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">avoid foods rich in oxalates</span></a>. </span><span style="font-size:100%;">Calcium and oxalate always have a tendency to bind in the intestine). If oxalate rich foods (Chocolate Tea Spinach Beet tops Peanuts Almonds) are restricted in the diet, taht can bve solved and chances of formation of stones can be reduced.
<br /></span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Insoluble fiber</span> (found in wheat, rye, barley, and rice) that may help to reduce calcium in the urine. It combines with calcium in the intestines, so the calcium is excreted with the stool instead of through the kidneys. Moreover insoluble fiber also speeds up movement of substances through the intestine, so there will be less time for calcium to be absorbed.</span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Potassium</span> reduces urinary calcium excretion, which in turn lowers the risk of kidney stone formation. So <a href="http://www.weightlossforall.com/potassium-rich-food.htm"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">foods rich in potassium</span></a> should be included in the diet.</span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Protein rich foods increase</span> urinary calcium and should be reduced in the kidney stone diet.</span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">It is believed that <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">sugar can increase</span> urinary oxalate and urinary calcium.</span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">References</span>
<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-issues-and-diet/kidney-stones/diet.html"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">kidney stone diet</span></a>
<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/diet-kidney-stones.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/diet-kidney-stones.htm</span></a>
<br />
<br /><a href="http://www.uwhealth.org/storage/kidney_citric_acid.pdf"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Citric acid and kidney stones</span></a>
<br />
<br />
<br /><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p> Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-66003015467323084722009-05-13T14:57:00.002+05:302009-05-14T15:19:29.771+05:30Physical characteristics and abnormal constituents of urine part1<div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGz1iM-u64grHyEXYdI9aZ6CEQQMjACg6aGZ2W5llOuoGosEXBTdZDzAl_hb7e-FWT_dfmbt9qCGdBO22YvV9cvHFI_Ax3k-wwZYrrSUxlDItcVpeClGxzmWVdIL_PBFkCuI-24MS87CQ/s1600-h/img-infections-human-urinar.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 117px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGz1iM-u64grHyEXYdI9aZ6CEQQMjACg6aGZ2W5llOuoGosEXBTdZDzAl_hb7e-FWT_dfmbt9qCGdBO22YvV9cvHFI_Ax3k-wwZYrrSUxlDItcVpeClGxzmWVdIL_PBFkCuI-24MS87CQ/s200/img-infections-human-urinar.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5335610095293882114" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Appearance</span>: Small quantity of blood in urine is often undetectable by inspection, but it gives the urine a smoky appearance. Large quantities of blood make the urine brownish or red. Colour variation from dark red -brown-black occurs due to presence of large amount of heamoglobin from lysed red blood cells, after mismatched blood transfusion or in black water fever. Drugs like tetracyclines, anthraquinonepurgatives, desferrioxamine, pheninedione, nitrofurantoin and nitridazole rifampacin, may discolour urine. Cloudiness of urine may be due to the presence of red or white blood cells, pus from bladder or kidney infection, bacteria, mucous and chyle. Phosphates and pus make freshly passed urine cloudy.<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Odour</span>: Foul smelling urine is a common symptom of urinary tract infection. Fruity odour is associated with diabetes mellitus, starvation, dehydration or ketone body formation. Patients with <a href="http://rarediseases.about.com/od/rarediseases1/a/062004.htm">maple syrup urine diseases</a> and phenyl ketonuria may present with distinctive odour of the urine.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Specific gravity</span>: Low specific gravity (below 1.005) associated with diabetes insipidus, acute tubular necrosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and pyelonephritis. High specific gravity (above 1.035) occurs in patients who are in shock or who suffer from nephritic syndrome, dehydration, and acute glomerulo nephritis.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">PH</span>: Ranges between 4.6 -8.0.High protein diets increase the acidity of urine; vegetarian diets increase the alkalinity. (Normal fresh urine is nearly always slightly acidic, except after a meal.) Value greater than 7 may be due to metabolic/ respiratory alkalosis, Fanconi’s syndrome. Ph value below 7 may be due to fever, phenyl ketonurea, alkaptonurea and acidosis.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">Blood and tissue cells</span>: Red blood cells in the urine can be due to vigorous exercise or exposure to toxic chemicals. High number of white blood cells in the urine is usually a symptom of urinary tract infection. Certain other causes of haematurea are bacterial infections, parasitic infections including malaria, obstructions in the urinary tract, scurvy, sub acute bacterial endocarditis, traumatic injuries, and tumors. A large number of cells from tissue lining can indicate damage to the small tubes that carry material into and out of the kidneys.(In females, one should make sure that the urine sample was not contaminated with menstrual blood from vagina.)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Casts</span>: They are small fibrous objects that are formed when protein and other materials settle in the kidney tubules and collecting ducts. Large number of casts in urine specimen is a sign of kidney disease.<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><br />Sources </span></span><br /><br />Hutchison’s clinical method<br /><br />Davidson's Principles and practice of medicine<br /><a href="http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/HaematuriaLong.html"><br />Haematurea</a><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-18432416412982182172009-05-11T14:51:00.000+05:302009-05-14T14:56:03.175+05:30Medical inventions and Discoveries<div style="background: transparent url(http://i659.photobucket.com/albums/uu315/todevan/centrewhite.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">S</span>tethoscope - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Laennec (1819)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />C</span>hemotherapy - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Ehrlich (1909)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />P</span>ace maker - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Zoll (1952)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />H</span>earing aid - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Sonotone Corporation, USA (1952).</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />H</span>eart –lung machine -<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"> Dr. John H. Gibbon. (1953)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />A</span>rtificial heart - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Willem kolff (1957)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />L</span>ASER - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Gould (1957)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />M</span>RI -<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Damadian (1971)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />C</span>loning DNA - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Boyer, Cohen (1973)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />C</span>T Scan - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Hounsfield (1973)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />H</span>IV -<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">M.Cockerell. (1984)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">M</span></span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);">icroscope</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />C</span>ompound - <span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Z.Janssen (1590)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><br />E</span>lectron -<span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Ruska knoll (1931)</span><br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-91731380381249428782009-05-07T15:48:00.002+05:302009-05-08T22:56:44.700+05:30Hepatitis markers and its usual significance<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRzeP97Td7We53zRt6StAo_Ct82WWaDmU0zG0YMCNR4psGQS4CpMbDXfvk8WmibrEbSD7PPwGEQ1gAWl37yh1lkUZWEO3t5PixURZlm9l1NvIkiVJ11v1UgryYhdXTNJgeb8o2Fg445Qw/s1600-h/images.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 143px; height: 136px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRzeP97Td7We53zRt6StAo_Ct82WWaDmU0zG0YMCNR4psGQS4CpMbDXfvk8WmibrEbSD7PPwGEQ1gAWl37yh1lkUZWEO3t5PixURZlm9l1NvIkiVJ11v1UgryYhdXTNJgeb8o2Fg445Qw/s320/images.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333500183414982818" border="0" /></a><br /><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:red;">HBsAg<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:green;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style=""> </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:100%;" >Virus is present.</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 153, 102);"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:red;">Anti-HBs (surface antibody)<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p> </o:p><span style="color:green;"><span style=""> </span><span style="font-size:100%;">Virus is usually cleared and Patient is immune.</span></span></b><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:green;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:p></o:p></span><i><span style="color:green;">(Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) signifies the infection with the virus.<o:p></o:p>It doesnot give the information regarding infectivity and the ongoing liver damage.When the virus is cleared from the infected person,antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)develops.It gives immunity to further virus infection.) <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:red;">HBeAg*<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><b><span style="color:green;"><span style=""> </span>Active viral replication ,ongoing liver disease ,patient infectious</span></b>.</p> <ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:red;">Anti-HBe*<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><b><span style="color:green;"><span style=""> </span>Viral replication reduced ,inactive liver disease (usually),Less infectious.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><i><span style=""></span><span style="color:green;">(HBeAg usually represents that , there is an active viral replication. The disappearance of HBeAg and appearance of anti Hbe usually means that the level of viral replication and the associated liver disease has lessened.The individual is less capable of infecting others.)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:red;">HBV-DNA<o:p></o:p><br /></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:green;"> Active viral replication and on going liver<span style=""> </span>disease,patient infectious.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><i><span style="color:green;">(HBeAg and/or HBV-DNA should be measured , if active viral replication is present.)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" color="red">HBcAg<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><span style=""> <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"> </span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Never detectable in serum</span></p><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;">Anti-HBc (core antibody)<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></li></ul> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><i><span style="color:green;">(Hepatitis B core antigen (HbcAg) never appears freely in blood. The corresponding antibody (anti-HBc) appears in the blood at about the same time as HBsAg and usually remains for life.It implies that Patient has come into contact with hepatitis B and may or may not still be infected with the virus. Anti HBc does not signify immunity)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="color:green;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">IgM anti-HBc </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Signifies recent contact with hepatitis B</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><br /><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p>* except for pre-core mutant strains of HBV(the mutant strain of HBV (pre-core mutant) in which the virus cannot manufacture HBeAg and thus the only marker for the presence of the virus core is HBV-DNA.)</span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Links</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.hepatitisbannual.org/article.asp?issn=0972-9747;year=2004;volume=1;issue=1;spage=210;epage=216;aulast=Chawla"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Approach to the management of incidentally detected HBsAg carrier</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.hepatitisbannual.org/article.asp?issn=0972-9747;year=2004;volume=1;issue=1;spage=210;epage=216;aulast=Chawla"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"></span></a><a href="http://72.14.235.132/search?q=cache:6kBqunQHEjIJ:www.yakimacounty.us/health/documents/providersonly/ViralHepMarkers.pdf+hepatitis+markers&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in">hepatitis markers</a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><a href="http://www.hepatitisbannual.org/article.asp?issn=0972-9747;year=2004;volume=1;issue=1;spage=210;epage=216;aulast=Chawla"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"></span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.hepatitisbannual.org/article.asp?issn=0972-9747;year=2004;volume=1;issue=1;spage=210;epage=216;aulast=Chawla"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"></span></a><br /><span style="color:red;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-76561947681150954502009-05-04T15:12:00.002+05:302009-05-08T21:42:35.338+05:30Concept of Polypill and the criticism<div style="text-align: justify;">A polypill is a medication, which contains a combination of five life-saving drugs called “polypill” that promises to <span style="font-weight: bold;">reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in healthy people</span>. It was actually conceived, developed and clinically tested in Bangalore,India.<br /><br />The pill is a result of a three-year study conducted by three doctors from St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore along with a team of experts from McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;">The combination</span><br /><br />The "polypill" would contain 3 blood pressure medications at low dose:<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">a diuretic</span>, such as bendroflumethiazide,<span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">a beta-blocker</span> such as atenolol,<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">an ACE inhibitor</span> such as enalapril.<br /><br />This is combined with<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">a statin </span>such as simvastatin,aspirin at a dose of 75 mg and<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Follic acid</span>(Follic acid has been shown to reduce the level of homocysteine in the blood which is another risk factor for heart disease).<span style="display: block;" id="formatbar_Buttons"><span class="on" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_SpellCheck" title="Check Spelling" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);BLOG_spellcheck();;ButtonMouseDown(this);"><img src="http://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gif" alt="Check Spelling" class="gl_spell" border="0" /></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">The criticism </span><br /><br />Although several group of physicians accept the rational combination of proven life-saving drugs in easily administered and cost-saving formulations, especially for the secondary prevention of Cardio vascular diseases, they expresses their concern over, proclaiming polypill as the principal pathway to primary prevention of Cardio vascular disease.<br /><br />Several scientific questions currently remain, especially with respect to primary prevention. How will this drug combination alter with behaviour change involving healthy diets, regular exercise, and smoking cessation?<br /><br />Critics also worry that the promised protection of a polypill may work against people giving up unhealthy habits like smoking or bad diet.<br /><br />Another criticism is that,a person would be subjected to different drugs unnecessarily even if he had one ailment.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Links</span><br /><br /><a href="http://blogs.thehindu.com/delhi/?p=20858"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Can polypill replace poly-policy for heart health</span></a><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-29440481268027452292009-05-02T07:40:00.003+05:302009-05-08T22:51:44.818+05:30SWINE FLU<div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaqWkkITNxMlJ9n5itWfeGLw6CsdbKRMXHxSu4Ou3jT6_1hdlTRnIrQPRiiuE1z23MRvNCh0Shia5oaiWXg5fQkm_FpSlpoYviqEb_8ZowojOiEV0fDxwdjOgghAnwRANGKuULwpljS8g/s1600-h/images.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 124px; height: 109px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaqWkkITNxMlJ9n5itWfeGLw6CsdbKRMXHxSu4Ou3jT6_1hdlTRnIrQPRiiuE1z23MRvNCh0Shia5oaiWXg5fQkm_FpSlpoYviqEb_8ZowojOiEV0fDxwdjOgghAnwRANGKuULwpljS8g/s320/images.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331787790206780834" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">S</span>wine influenza (also swine flu) refers to influenza caused by any strain of the influenza virus endemic in pigs (swine). Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, H2N3.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Epidemiology</span>: Earlier,many cases in swine (<span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;">2007 Philippines</span></span>) & in humans(<span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-style: italic;">The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918–19 infected one third of the world's population and US outbreak in 1976</span></span>)were reported. </div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The new strain of influenza involved in the 2009 swine flu outbreak is a combination of several strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 that are separately endemic in humans and in swine.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In response to the intensifying outbreak, the World Health Organization raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 4alert.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Who are at risk?</span> Swine flu is common in swine and rare in humans. People who work with swine, people with intense exposures ,are at risk of catching swine influenza. Rarely these strains are able to pass from human to human.Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since the virus is not transmitted through food.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Infectivity:</span> The swine flu in humans is most contagious during the first five days of the illness.Although some people, most commonly children, can remain contagious for up to ten days.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Clinical features</span>: In humans, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza.Symptoms include ,chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort. According to <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) advised physicians to "consider swine influenza infection in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute febrile respiratory illness who have either been in contact with persons with confirmed swine flu, or who were in one of the five U.S. states that have reported swine flu cases or in Mexico during the 7 days preceding their illness onset."<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Diagnosis</span>: A diagnosis of confirmed swine flu requires laboratory testing of a respiratory sample (a simple nose and throat swab)<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Prevention</span>:Experts agree that hand-washing can help to prevent viral infections, a surprisingly effective way to prevent all sorts of diseases, including ordinary influenza and the new swine flu virus.Frequent washing of hands with soap and water or with alcohol-based hand sanitizers, especially after being out in public.Anyone with flu-like symptoms such as a sudden fever, cough or muscle aches should stay away from work or public transportation and should see a doctor to be tested.<br /><br />Further reading: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/swineflu_you.htm"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Swine flu</span></a><br /><br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-45682710200595034002009-04-29T15:25:00.007+05:302009-04-29T20:28:15.508+05:30Nail as a diagnostic tool PART 2<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9uI4Iyne6hfdlU-HvmkDzs4IIFtyj0OgIakAXKPC_B0bAMXoH9HEi2wg_EaAiuK1rXEVHa9QxXpnF_J62f9yNIQMsahnMMQmF3njTlR3C1tCyTfeqWYpG92J2okD1icg0NGv_Vgd-xGs/s1600-h/5708JFP_Article1-fig2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 173px; height: 132px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9uI4Iyne6hfdlU-HvmkDzs4IIFtyj0OgIakAXKPC_B0bAMXoH9HEi2wg_EaAiuK1rXEVHa9QxXpnF_J62f9yNIQMsahnMMQmF3njTlR3C1tCyTfeqWYpG92J2okD1icg0NGv_Vgd-xGs/s320/5708JFP_Article1-fig2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330051399160260322" border="0" /></a><a href="http://healthinfo.amc.seoul.kr/healthinfo/disease/contentView.do?icdt=HD00001329&catCd=F001&contentId=21967&type=05"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;font-size:130%;" >S</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">plinter hemorrhage</span></a> under the nail may result from trauma,psoriasis,rheumatoid arthritis other collagen vascular diseases and bacterial endocarditis. Bacterial endocarditis is the most common systemic disease associated with splinter hemorrhages. These hemorrhages are more common in subacute variety rather than acute variety.Although splinter hemorrhages in subacute bacterial endocarditis have been described as proximally located,no suitable evidence available to confirm this<br /></div><br /><a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/leukonychia-1"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Leukonychia.</span> </span></a>These marks are common, nonuniform, white lines found in differing spots on one or more nails. It should not be confused with Mees line(due to arsenic poisoning)and Muehrcke's line which are parallel to the lanula across the entire nail bed and occur in more than one nail.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.normanallan.com/Med/askdr/finger.html"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Beau's lines</span></a>. This condition presents as a transverse depressions in the nail that result from trauma, exposure to cold, Raynaud's disease, or any episodic disease condition serious enough to disrupt the normal nail growth<br /><br />Raynauds phenomenon can lead to thinning and longitudinal ridging of nail plate<br /><br /><a href="http://www.normanallan.com/Med/askdr/finger.html"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Muehrcke's line</span></a> demonstrates as a transverse white bands parallel to the lanula. These bands usually occur in pairs and extend all the way across the nail.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.handresearch.com/news/examining-fingernails-elderly-patients-3.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Half and half nail </span></a>with a white proximal and red or brown distal half is occasionally seen in patient with chronic renal failure<br /><br />Whitening of nail plates may be related to hypoalbuminaemia as in cirrhosis of the liver<br /><br />Nail fold erythema is a useful physical sign in dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and SLE<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">References</span> :<br /><br />Huchisons clinical method<br /><br />Davidson’s Principles and practice of medicine<br /><br /><a href="http://www.handresearch.com/finger-nails/nail-disorders.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Nail disorder index</span></a> <br /><br /><a href="http://ihmakarunagappally.blogspot.com/2009/04/nail-as-diagnostic-tool-part-1.html"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PART 1</span></a><br /><br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-83890005718824873822009-04-26T15:12:00.002+05:302009-04-29T20:31:08.345+05:30Vaccine for Diabetes ???<div style="background: transparent url(http://i659.photobucket.com/albums/uu315/todevan/centrewhite.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">S</span>cientists discovered a link between family of viruses and diabetes.A team in Britain found proof that type I diabetes is caused by a virus after they spotted traces of an infection more than 60 % of sufferers.They have claimed that ,they will identify the exact virus involved and subsequently a vaccine to prevent the disease.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Finding</span>:In their study ,the scientist tested the pancreas of 72 young diabetes patients who died of type 1 diabetes over the past 20 years.The findings showed that 60% of cases ,the children’s organ contained evidence of infection by enteroviruses.<br /></div><br />READ DETAILS.....<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/03March/Pages/DiabetesVirusLink.aspx"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/03March/Pages/DiabetesVirusLink.aspx </span></a><br /><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-84830324759262356472009-04-24T14:36:00.002+05:302009-04-29T20:37:02.784+05:30Nail as a diagnostic tool PART 1<div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigxftZ3KY5CGDGo6Bf27XO-rskAIBq-o-TB_2UexB5-88lNK4ycmQe_tIXs_21nfXpSIMArL_M8cw3XaInB_0abzS4wxk6MMdLCLpFvlAMSQ4uJoGooWQWcrvJEiSudbMY5cQoyWL2KEc/s1600-h/5708JFP_Article1-fig2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 210px; height: 153px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigxftZ3KY5CGDGo6Bf27XO-rskAIBq-o-TB_2UexB5-88lNK4ycmQe_tIXs_21nfXpSIMArL_M8cw3XaInB_0abzS4wxk6MMdLCLpFvlAMSQ4uJoGooWQWcrvJEiSudbMY5cQoyWL2KEc/s320/5708JFP_Article1-fig2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330037822914004786" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >T</span>he appearence of the fingernails and toenails may suggest an underlying systemic disease. Some diseases are very frequently accompagnied with nail problems. Examples of these high frequency nail disease problems are <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">psoriatic arthritis, rheumatioid arthritis, psoriasis, and diabetes. In general nail disorders are frequently observed in cardiovascular diseases,circulatory problems, gastrointestinal diseases, endocrine disorders and viral or bacterial diseases.</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">In <a href="http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/pulmonary/physical_club.html"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Clubbing</span>, </span></a>nail itself loses its longitudinal ridges and become convex above downwards as well as side to side.Clubbing occurs in patients with neoplasm of lung and pleura. It may also accompany with other pulmonary diseases like bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.It may also occur in patients with cirrhosis,celiac diseases, congenital heart diseases,arterio-venous malformation or fistulas and endocarditis.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Discoloration of nails may be seen with the effect of certain drugs like antimalarials,antibiotics, and phenothizines.Discolouration and deformity, hypertrophy and abnormal brittleness may result in fungal infection.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/imagepages/2008.htm"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;">Koilonychia </span></a>are soft, thin brittle and spoon shaped nails commonly seen in iron deficiency anaemia.This abnormality is sometimes a normal nail variant in infants, but it usually corrects itself within the first few years of life.Koilonychia may result from trauma, constant occupational exposure of the hands to petroleum based solvents.In case of spooning of nail without an obvious associated illness, physicians should obtain a complete blood count and ferritin level to rule out iron deficiency and hemochromatosis.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://psoriasis.about.com/od/psoriasis101/ig/Psoriasis-Image-Gallery/Pitting-of-the-Nails.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Pitting </span></a>is caused by defective layering of superficial nailplate.Pitting may be caused by variety of systemic diseases , Reiter's syndrome ,connective tissue disorders, sarcoidosis, pemphigus, and alopecia areata.Moreover any localized growth that distrupts the orderly growth also cause pitting.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.footdoc.ca/Website%20Nail%20Conditions%20%28A%20Glossary%29.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Onycholysis</span></a> occurs by the separation of nail plate from nail bed results in white discoloration of the affected area.Onycholysis may also result from hyperthyroidism(plummer’s nails),warts(periungual warts) ,trauma and onychomycosis.Hyperthyroidism also can cause brown discoloration of nails.<br /></div><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">References :</span><br /><br />Huchisons clinical method<br /><br />Davidson’s Principles and practice of medicine<br /><br /><a href="http://www.jfponline.com/Pages.asp?AID=6492&issue=August_2008&UID="><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">The journal of family practice- Nail disorders and systemic disease: What the nails tell us</span></a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.footdoc.ca/Website%20Nail%20Conditions%20%28A%20Glossary%29.htm"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Glossary of nail conditions</span></a>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-65671484678185012372009-04-23T11:23:00.003+05:302009-04-23T11:31:31.339+05:30happy earth day<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzdw2uD_opUAJelF3BlZ8V-09DPs1uZkIAkqRYAiH-2HbQ_RDgvNA6pemQzr0oAvllELVGtWEfvx0eLjijOKBaXQcJN18nsOFuzTo-c0IB02RlF0zUeL9VwS0XrMSEWJFxCFUC93aDZyc/s1600-h/Earth_flag_PD.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327761702242580130" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 243px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 160px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzdw2uD_opUAJelF3BlZ8V-09DPs1uZkIAkqRYAiH-2HbQ_RDgvNA6pemQzr0oAvllELVGtWEfvx0eLjijOKBaXQcJN18nsOFuzTo-c0IB02RlF0zUeL9VwS0XrMSEWJFxCFUC93aDZyc/s320/Earth_flag_PD.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div><span style="color:#009900;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">Lets make mother earth a better place for our children to live</span>!</span></span></div></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-21719084942554593882009-04-22T14:36:00.012+05:302009-04-22T21:55:55.601+05:30Quick references to the clinical presentation of cranial nerve lesions.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiSZUQSdkr_RhIA47N2HS2iAZ2d3r5c-AADpnGAikRU6lqVCZvIWWAFGk61gWg_NKnvodKxghsH9VpSIPz7boGxBpm0CQoaSsF1eBsxLSfMtgTK_jNrr5xd78c7ojj0MmpomUcEb1rO9I/s1600-h/cranial.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 124px; height: 124px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiSZUQSdkr_RhIA47N2HS2iAZ2d3r5c-AADpnGAikRU6lqVCZvIWWAFGk61gWg_NKnvodKxghsH9VpSIPz7boGxBpm0CQoaSsF1eBsxLSfMtgTK_jNrr5xd78c7ojj0MmpomUcEb1rO9I/s320/cranial.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327442238994777810" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Olfactory Nerve</span>- <span>Anosmia,(loss of sense of smell) may result from head injuries in which cribriform plate of ethmoid bone is fractured.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Optic nerve</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">:</span><span>Visual field defects and loss of visual acuity may result from fractures in the orbit, lesion along the visual pathway and diseases of nervous system.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Oculomotor nerve</span>:<span>A lesion in the nerve causes strabismus ,ptosis of upper eyelid ,pupil dilatation,the movement of eye ball downward and outward on the damaged side,loss of accommodation for near vision and diplopia.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Trochlear nerve</span>:<span>In trochlear nerve paralysis,diplopia and strabismus occur.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Trigeminal nerve</span>:<span>Injury results in paralysis of muscles of mastication and loss of sensation of touch and temperature.Neuralgia of one or more b</span><span>ranches of trigeminal nerve is called trigeminal neuralgia.(Tic douloureux)</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Abducens nerve</span>: <span>With the damage to this nerve, the affected eyeball move laterally beyond the midpoint and the eye is usually directed medially.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Facial nerve</span>:<span>Injury produces paralysis of facial muscles called bell’s palsy,loss of taste and loss of ability to close the eyes even during sleep.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Vestibulocochlear nerve</span>:<span>Injury to the cochlear branch may cause tinnitus or deafness.Injury to the vestibular branch may cause vertigo,ataxia, and nystagmus.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Glossopharyngeal nerve</span>:<span>Injury results in difficulty during swallowing,reduced secretion of saliva,loss of sensation in the throat and loss of taste.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Vagus nerve</span>:<span>Damage to this nerve in the upper body interfere with swallowing,paralyses the vocal cords,and interrupts the sensation from many organs.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Acessory nerve</span>:<span>Damage to this nerve results in paralysis of sternocleido mastoid and trapezius muscle present with inability to raise the shoulder and turning the head.</span></span> <span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Hypoglossal Nerve</span>.<span>Injury results in difficulty in chewing ,speaking and swallowing. The tongue when protruded turn towards the affected side and the affected side become atrophied,shrunken,and deeply furrowed.</span></span> </div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Further reading</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.eustatiantube.org/clinic/neuroexam/cranialnerves/"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cranial nerve examination</span></a>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288126803866713275.post-45940892773990613342009-04-19T08:02:00.008+05:302009-04-22T15:22:10.972+05:30LINKS for Medical professionals<div style="background: transparent url(http://i659.photobucket.com/albums/uu315/todevan/background9thafterbutton.jpg) no-repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 102, 0);font-size:130%;" >Resources for Homoeopaths.....</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Homoeopathy resources on internet</span><br /><a href="http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/homeopathy-resources.htm">http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/homeopathy-resources.htm</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.homoeopathy-course.com/appr-p-2.htm">http://www.homoeopathy-course.com/appr-p-2.htm </a><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Illustrates Philosophy and Utility of Miasm,Miasmatic Diagnostic Classifications,Miasmatic Diagnosis of Clinical Classifications,Miasmatic Ancestral Tips,Miasmatic Repertory,Miasmatic Weightage of Medicines by Bengal allen institute</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.similima.com/">Similima,the largest portal on homoeopathy, designed by post graduate homoeopaths</a>,<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">it includes, latest information on homoeopathy,research articles ,study materials , and educational materials for exam preperation by Dr.Mansoor ali and team</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.hpathy.com/">hpathy- A Portal for Homeopathic Medicine, Homeopathy Remedies, Cures, Treatment, Books</a><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.hpathy.com/">,</a> <span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Information about Software & Doctors</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.modernhomoeopathy.com/">Modern homoeopathy-An evidence based Homoeopathy</a> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">site includes Online Treatment, Articles, Cured Cases, Online Journal by Dr. Pawan S Chandak.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Homoeopathic forum by abchomoeopathy</span><a href="http://abchomeopathy.com/forums.php"> http://abchomeopathy.com/forums.php</a><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;font-size:130%;" >Resources for all Medical professionals.......</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Enjoy the animated graphics and extensive discussions of topics in</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">cardiology</span>.<a href="http://www.heartpoint.com/gallery.html"> </a><a href="http://www.heartpoint.com/gallery.html">http://www.heartpoint.com/gallery.html</a><a href="http://www.heartpoint.com/gallery.html"><br /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">gatrolab.net -featuring image library,endoscopic piture archieves,endoscopic learning center,links to gastrointestinal websites and much more…</span><br /><a href="http://www.gastrolab.net/"><br /></a><a href="http://www.gastrolab.net/">http://www.gastrolab.net/index.htm</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">List of sites offering links to audible examples of normal and abnormal Breath Sounds on loop recordings that you may listen to on your computer.</span><br /><a href="http://medzoom.net/breathsounds.html">http://medzoom.net/breathsounds.html</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Flash video of cardiac cycle</span>:</span> <a href="http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html">http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">Dermatology atlas database</span>: <a href="http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/DermImag.htm">http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/DermImag.htm<br /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">MARTINDALE'S The virtual medical centre</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.martindalecenter.com/MedicalClinical_Exams.html#EXAMS-ALL">http://www.martindalecenter.com/MedicalClinical_Exams.html#EXAMS-ALL</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.x-plain.net/">X-Plain.net- includes interactive patient education programs that use illustrations and animations to simplify concepts, narration to read the text,</a> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">and questions to verify understanding.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);font-size:180%;" >Updated monthly............</span><br /></div><br /></div>Ihma karunagappally Chapterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16002562099581439922noreply@blogger.com0